Robots meta tag
<meta name="robots" content="noindex"> in the page's HTML, often from a builder's "hide from search" setting.
Paste any page address to see whether it tells search engines to leave it out: the robots meta tag, the X-Robots-Tag header, robots.txt and the canonical tag, in one check.
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Where noindex hides
<meta name="robots" content="noindex"> in the page's HTML, often from a builder's "hide from search" setting.
The same instruction sent by the server, which you cannot see in the page source.
A Disallow rule stops crawlers reading the page at all, so they cannot see its content or a noindex.
A canonical pointing at another address asks search engines to list that address instead.
FAQ
More free checks:
noindex is an instruction, in a robots meta tag or an X-Robots-Tag HTTP header, that tells search engines not to list a page. Google and Bing follow it, so a page with noindex will drop out of their results once it is recrawled.
Usually by accident: a "hide from search engines" or "discourage search engines" setting in a site builder or WordPress, a staging setting copied to the live site, or a host that adds noindex to preview addresses.
No. robots.txt stops crawlers reading a page, so they cannot see a noindex on it, and the address can still be listed without a description. To keep a page out of search, allow crawling and use noindex.
It may be new, thin, a near duplicate of another page, or not linked from anywhere Google crawls. Google Search Console's URL Inspection tool shows Google's own view of the page.